Compare How Robert Frost and Wilfred Owen Communicate the...

Compare how Robert Frost and Wilfred Owen communicate the theme of loss in ‘Out, Out-’ and â€Å"Disabled†. In the two poems â€Å"Out, Out-† and â€Å"Disabled†, a similar theme of loss is portrayed. Both of these poems deal with the subject of physical loss, as both protagonists of these poems experience accidental amputation. Both Robert Frost and Wilfred Owen manage to captivate their audience’s attention, and also a certain degree of sympathy for the protagonists’ misfortune. They do this successfully, with the use of common literary techniques and linguistic skills, such as simile, metaphor, personification, contrast, and many more literary devices, which range from obvious to very subtle. â€Å"Out, Out-†, written by American poet Robert†¦show more content†¦Within such a short sentence, the boy’s life was simply gone. This use of tripling is very effective, as it may symbolise a heartbeat, slowly beating away, to its fate. The dashes further enhance this, as they make the reader pause in the gaps between the words, making the â€Å"heartbeats† seem further and further apart, and eventually dying away. Another quote which gives the reader a sense of loss is the final stanza of the poem: â€Å"And they, since they were not the ones dead, turned to their affairs†, in line 33-34. This quote, to put into simpler words, means that the people who were working with this young boy (who happen to be his family), had better things to do than to care for the death of this young boy, and simply turned away, and got back to work. This action seems alarmingly heartless, but nevertheless, Frost very successfully makes the jreaders feel a hug e sense of loss. This line once again shows how meaningless and vulnerable life is. Written in the 1910s by Wilfred Owen, â€Å"Disabled† is a poem describing the experience of a young soldier losing his limbs after fighting in World War I. He later gets discriminated against, and feels isolated and regretful of his naà ¯ve reason to go to war. As opposed to â€Å"Out, Out-â€Å", â€Å"Disabled† does not have an ambiguous title at all. The word â€Å"disabled† is

Essay on Henrik Isbens A Dolls House - 1015 Words

Independence nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Most of us live a life where we do what we want and when we want without anyone telling us how to live our lives. This wasn’t the case in A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen, where he illustrates to us how one woman lives a life through her father and husband. Throughout the play we see how a once childish like woman gains her independence and a life of her own. Ibsen shows us a very realistic play that demonstrates how on the outside Nora and Torvald seem to have it all. While in reality their life together is simply empty until Nora stands up for herself and starts to build her own life. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Nora Helmer was a fragile character that relied on her husband for her own†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Through their everyday conversation, Nora and Torvald reveal that they have a relationship full of meaningless talk and games. â€Å"Is that my little squirrel rummaging around†, Torvald questions Nora. â€Å"Yes!† (1569) she answers, running up to Torvald like a puppy. Because of her childish attitude, Torvald must have assumed that Nora was always happy and carefree. What reason would there be for meaningful conversation if she never obliged? Their relationship consisted of nothing truly real. Everything they talked about or enjoyed together was fun, games, and for show. Often times Torvald would even scold Nora like he would a child and wave his finger in disapproval. â€Å"Surely my sweet tooth hasn’t been running riot in town today, has she?†(1571) Then, Nora would respond as a young child would fac e punishment, â€Å"You know I could never think of going against you.† Then Torvald responded, â€Å"No, I understand that; and you have given me your word† (1571). I believe much of their marriage was ruined by their childish behaviors and antics; never telling each other the truth, living lies, and playing foolish games with each other. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Together they didn’t communicate feelings or love through their relationship. Torvald however, did give Nora money and things she asked for, but he did not give her the respect and devotion she needs. Torvald loved the idea of having aShow MoreRelatedEssay on Henrik Isbens A Dolls House1485 Words   |  6 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Doll’s House, a play by Henrik Ibsen, tells the story of Nora, the wife of Torvald Helmer, who is an adult living as a child, kept as a doll by her husband. She is expected to be content and happy living in the world Torvald has created for her. By studying the play and comparing and contrasting the versions presented in the video and the live performance, one can analyze the different aspects of it. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ibsen’s purpose for writing thisRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesIbsens A Dolls House In Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House†, in Act Two Scene 6, Nora’s deceptive behaviour and desperation reaches its climax due to the arrival of the letter. This is because the letter contains the means she used to get hold of the money. During the time when the play took place, society frowned upon women asserting themselves. Women were supposed to play the role in which they supported their husbands, took care of their children and made sure that everything around the house was perfectRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essays733 Words   |  3 Pages In many literary works, there are characters in which portray both similarities and differences. In the Play A Dolls House, by Henrik Ibsen, two of the characters have many oppositions and congruencies. These characters go by the names of Nora Helmer and Mrs. Linde. Ibsen characterizes these women by describing their comparable and contrasting personalities. He does this by describing their financial situations as well as their family lives. He describes these women, as opposites while in factRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay1126 Words   |  5 Pages Henrik Ibsen’s play A Doll House examines a woman’s struggle for independence in her marriage and social world. 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As most other men during this time, Torvald believed that womenRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay739 Words   |  3 Pages A Dolls House By Henrik Ibsen Dramatic Critique The P’s Person: Nora, Torvald Helmer’s wife, and mother of Ivar, Bob, and Emmy. Peculiar trait: On the surface Nora’s peculiar trait seems to be her obsession for money. Her internal peculiar trait is that she desires to become significant to her husband. She spends money on material objects to decorate their home and dress up the family. The impression of the home appears perfect, like a doll’s house. Passion: Nora’s passion isRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay1014 Words   |  5 Pages Henrik Ibsenamp;#8217;s A Dollamp;#8217;s House, considers a very delicate situation experienced by a Scandinavian family in 1879. Nora Helmer, the main character and adored wife of Torvald faces a life-altering dilemma. She has to decide whether to remain with her obsessive husband in his sheltered home, playing the part of a doll, or take the initiative to leave and seek out her own individuality. There are three minor characters that have a significant impact on the final decision that NoraRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay907 Words   |  4 Pages A Doll’s House nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In past history, society has been both very prejudiced and traditional with its view of gender roles. Often times a woman would not have had the same right to something as a man did. Many women however went against the law and tradition to do what they thought was right. In Henrik Ibsen’s play, A Doll’s House, Nora does something that is unimaginable during the time period. Nora’s husband Torvald believes he is the man of the house and that his wifeRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pageshusband, he becomes understandably agitated; in his frustration he shares the outside world with her, the ignorance of the serious business world, and destroys her innocence and self-esteem. This disillusion marks the final destructive blow to her dolls house. Their ideal home including their marriage and parenting has been a fabrication for the sake of society. Noras decision to leave this false life behind and discover for herself what is real is directly symbolic of womans ultimate realizationRead More Transformation of Nora in Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesTransformation of Nora in Henrik Isbens A Dolls House During the time in which Henrik Isbens play, A Doll?s House, took place society frowned upon women asserting themselves. Women were supposed to play a role in which they supported their husbands, took care of their children, and made sure everything was perfect around the house. Nora is portrayed as a doll throughout the play until she realizes the truth about the world she lives in, and cuts herself free. Nora Helmer was a delicate

Arena Theatre in Wolverhampton Essay Example For Students

Arena Theatre in Wolverhampton Essay I went to a live theatre trip to watch ‘Bouncers’ on Friday 9th December at the Arena Theatre in Wolverhampton.  Ã¢â‚¬ËœBouncers’ is written by John Godber and is set in and around a nightclub called ‘Mr Cinders’, with the action focusing on the exploits of four doormen and their customers. Multi-rolling is used mainly when the four bouncers tell the stories of different stereotypical men and women. For example when Godber contrasts a male and female hairdressers, the woman talk about their big night out, and what they are wearing. For the men however, again they plan their night out, but are discussing the possibility of pulling. Direct Address and Monologues are predominately used by the character ‘Lucky Eric’. Eric delivers his speeches throughout the play. During his first he talks about young girls dressed up and made up, spending everything they make on their nights out at the weekend, drinking too much and succumbing to the advances of men. ‘Lucky Eric’s’ speeches are used to slip in messages about the negative features of nightlife. I like how Godber has done this to change the mood of the audience. When watching I would go from Laughing to being very serious listening to Eric’s speeches. During the start of act two, Direct Address is used again when the Bouncers acknowledge the audience, asking what they are laughing at. This was effective because it pulled your attention straight back after the interval. These techniques are the key characteristics of the play, and are included and used effectively throughout. The set is very minimal for ‘Bouncers’ and includes 4 barrels and a nightclub door. I think the minimalist set works really well because it doesn’t take the attention away from the actors. The quick pace and lack of set means that the actors have only themselves to rely on in making each character and location come to life.  The four actors wear suits to resemble bouncers. Wearing suits worked especially well during the interval and before we entered the arena. The four Bouncers stood outside the theatre in the foyer, and let the audience in like actual bouncers, breaking the fourth wall. They also patrolled the arena and foyer during the interval, staying in character. This gave the illusion that they werent acting. This worked well because the play changes direction frequently which makes it difficult for the audience to relax. Therefore their minds stay alert and questioning. I thought the play was very interesting and comical to watch, and I loved how the comic parts of the play are harshly contrasted with serious issues about nightlife. We see this contrast when ’Lucky Eric’ performs his monologues. I like this because it keeps the audiences minds active. My favourite part of the play was when the scene changes and the bouncers become the girls again. They are on the dance floor. Rosie feels sick and then sees her boyfriend kissing another girl. The tears flow. This was my favourite part because of the stereotypical emotional women and the over the top scenarios helped portray the different characters. Another part of the play I enjoyed was when the Bouncers are complaining about the cold and are planning to watch a pornographic film when their shift ends. Soon after Ralph and Eric become characters in the porn film and act out a scene whilst Les and Judd provide a running commentary. This was effective because of its comic value but also backed up Godber’s stereotypical man. Lucky Eric was my favourite character In particular since I enjoyed his thoughtful speeches which were a quiet lull amid all the shouting. I also liked Eric because he speaks directly to and acknowledges the audience. Eric tells the other bouncers that his wife has left him, taking the children with him which gives us an insight about why Eric is such a disturbed man, which adds another layer to the piece, and most people would agree that the sequence in which Suzy is taken advantage of behind the club is one of the most disturbing and memorable in the play, a scene in which Eric tells. There was underlying 21st century music playing constantly throughout the play that gave the audience the feeling of being inside and out of the Night club. Many references to singers and celebrities of this century brought the play up to date, which made it more enjoyable for a younger target audience. .u81524b96f70d2c137abd1fbd6c4d4b2d , .u81524b96f70d2c137abd1fbd6c4d4b2d .postImageUrl , .u81524b96f70d2c137abd1fbd6c4d4b2d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u81524b96f70d2c137abd1fbd6c4d4b2d , .u81524b96f70d2c137abd1fbd6c4d4b2d:hover , .u81524b96f70d2c137abd1fbd6c4d4b2d:visited , .u81524b96f70d2c137abd1fbd6c4d4b2d:active { border:0!important; } .u81524b96f70d2c137abd1fbd6c4d4b2d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u81524b96f70d2c137abd1fbd6c4d4b2d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u81524b96f70d2c137abd1fbd6c4d4b2d:active , .u81524b96f70d2c137abd1fbd6c4d4b2d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u81524b96f70d2c137abd1fbd6c4d4b2d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u81524b96f70d2c137abd1fbd6c4d4b2d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u81524b96f70d2c137abd1fbd6c4d4b2d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u81524b96f70d2c137abd1fbd6c4d4b2d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u81524b96f70d2c137abd1fbd6c4d4b2d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u81524b96f70d2c137abd1fbd6c4d4b2d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u81524b96f70d2c137abd1fbd6c4d4b2d .u81524b96f70d2c137abd1fbd6c4d4b2d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u81524b96f70d2c137abd1fbd6c4d4b2d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The rehearsal of Martin Guerre EssayI would recommend this performance because it gave me an insight on nightlife and even though it was comical, Godbers exposed a much more profound subject, whilst also showing the stereotypical nature of what the youth of the day did. In the lads, the girls and the bouncers Godber tries to convey that these characters are typical of Britain. He shows the funny side of the way in which young people act whilst also unearthing a more sinister subject in suggesting that drink is changing the nation. We see it in all of the characters. For example, the lads were talking amongst themselves very nicely before they go, however, once they leave, a fight breaks out in the club when they have had a little too much to drink. Bouncers also mixes styles – for example, prose, verse and song are blended together. This also serves to keep the audience’s minds active. The language is shaped so that it is clearly recognisable to the plays target audience. This was clear because the script has bold and crude lines but also clever innuendos, which was funny for an older and younger audience. The cast of ‘Bouncers’ switched seamlessly from their roles as club bouncers, to lads on the make and even giggly girls portraying the youth of the day preparing for the big night out. This was outrageous, and even a little sinister. Overall I think ‘Bouncers’ is a clever, funny and interesting play. I think the small arena and staging worked well because it enabled you to feel close to the characters, a sentiment they intended to evoke and made the monologues have more impact. I loved how they brought the script up to date by including relevant jokes and features that the youth of today understand. It had quick pace and kept my mind questioning. All things considered, this thoroughly enjoyable rendition of Godber’s comedy provided an entertaining night.

Service Encounter Service Enquiry Desk in a Library

Executive Summary A service encounter is an essential aspect for any organization. This is because, it gives the definition of the direct interaction exhibited between service firms and their clients. A service encounter is the foundation of building trust in customers with regard to service offering of an organization. In addition to this, a service encounter serves as the basis in which customer satisfaction is realized.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Service Encounter: Service Enquiry Desk in a Library specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Without service encounters, a business cannot realize its targets. Service encounter links up the business with the clients through interaction. Further, it is through service encounters that a firm can realize its position in the competitive market. Precisely, it is through service encounters that the extent of market share an organization is associated with will be determined . The desirability as well as the quality of the service encounter are vital elements and as such, a firm should consider sufficiently when making decisions regarding the most viable service encounter that should be undertaken. Introduction Foremost, a service represents the action of executing or performing something for something or even someone. Usually, a service is intangible. Therefore, a service context has involved the creation of a series of challenges for the manager assigned to the duties of marketing for; he has the responsibility of communicating the benefits of a certain service. He does this by drawing parallels while incorporating imagery as well as the ideas, which not only can they be identified but are also tangible (Hoffman, Kelley Rotalsky 2005). Service marketing as a subgroup of marketing can be categorized into two, that is; marketing of fast moving consumer goods and durables better referred to as FMCG and service marketing. Typically, the service marketing concept pertains to both business to business and business to consumer services. It includes such aspects as telecommunication, hospitality, air travel, financial and professional services among others.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The practice of service encounter A service encounter is a term commonly used to define the direct interaction exhibited by service firms and its customers (Bitner et al. 1990). According to many scholars, a service encounter can assume three forms, which include; telephone encounters, remote encounters as well as face to face encounters. With regard to remote encounters, they basically involve interactions, which are technology based and as such; they are usually between as a customer and a machine or self service devices such as vending machines. In these forms of encounters, there are no human actors from the firm involved. Contrary to thi s form of service encounter, telephone as well as face to face encounters involves human interactions (Carlzon 2007). Thesis statement For the purpose of this paper, a remote service encounter will be considered as one that might occur in my organization. My organization is a library where people come and assess the academic materials. In the near future, the organization is contemplating introducing a service inquiry desk where students will get help from qualified librarians. From this desk, the students will be able to establish the range of books regarding a certain topic and be helped to know where they are situated in the library. In addition to this, from this inquiry desk, the students will be able to borrow books for a specified period of time depending on the level of education being pursued. The rationale for selecting this service encounter is that; value will be created and therefore student’s satisfaction. Discussion Elements of the service encounter A service e nquiry desk is constituted of both the tangible as well as the intangible elements. In order to understand these, a Shostack’s molecular established in the early 1980s will be used. It is a molecular model and as such, it utilizes the aspect of analogy in an effort towards helping in the visualization as well as in the management of the total marketing entity by the marketers. Usually, the model is applicable to both products as well as services. She made an important and worthwhile observation that, just like in chemical formulations; a change in one element can cause a significant change to the entity (Grà ¶nroos 2007).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Service Encounter: Service Enquiry Desk in a Library specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Service elements are both tangible (peripheral evidence) and the intangible (essential evidence) elements. Tangible (peripheral evidence) elements According to Shostack ’s molecular model, tangible or peripheral evidence refers to the elements possessed as part and parcel of the purchase. In addition to this, these elements have insignificant independent value. In our case, the library membership card will serve as the tangible element. A library membership card is of insignificant value when held outside the library but useful when inquiring at the service enquiry desk in the library. Intangible (Essential evidence) elements These elements exist in service inquiry desk in a library but they can never be possessed by the students. Usually, the intangible elements of service inquiry desk encounter are extremely dominant with regard to its impact on the use of the service by the students (Hoffman, Kelley Rotalsky 2005). The intangible element will include the sudden desire as well as enthusiasm for our services by the students upon the introduction of this new service. Critical incidents for the same service encounter In order to effectively assess the critical incident for the same service encounter, a critical incident technique advanced by Bitner et al (1990) will be used. As such, the technique can be identified as a set of procedures commonly used to collect direct observations pertaining to the way the human beings behave. The behaviours to be considered in the technique should have a critical significance and in addition to this, they must be able to meet the methodically stipulated criteria. Critical incidents arise whenever producers as well as the consumers of the service produce come together in a service encounter (Zeithaml, Bitner Gremler 2006).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The inquiry service enquiry desk is classified as a high involvement personal service and as such, it is in the same class with health care services (Halstead, Drogue Cooper 2003). Such operations as direct examination of both the clinical staff as well as the researchers serve as good examples of health care service encounters. To elaborate this further, using the critical incident technique, there is a possibility that a clinician will be able to learn much about his role within the scope of a clinical setting. Further, the technique is beneficial to the clinician as he will be able to realize more on his practice from a wide coverage role. Taking health care research into consideration, critical incident technique is identified as not only a vital but also a very significant resource. The reason for this is; it assists ideally in the identification of the patient’s experiences in the health care setting. In addition to this, it assists in the exploration of interactions b etween patients and providers. Strategies outline and evaluation In my organization the use of a service enquiry desk by the students is the targeted service encounter and as such, it is not yet operational. Once the service is underway, there are several risks associated. One of the major risks is service failure. Once a service failure surfaces, efforts are made in order for the service to recover from the failure (Palmer 2008). Generally, whether there is a service failure or not, creation of student’s satisfaction should not be overlooked since it is a vital element. This implies that; student’s satisfaction plays a significant role in the development, performance success and the longevity of the service enquiry desk operations. The underlying thing about the entire subject of failure of a service inquiry desk encounter is intriguing. While failures in the operations of the service encounter can prove to be disastrous in a considerable number of circumstances, they present themselves as sources of learning, which are uniquely valuable, for the service encounter operations. With regard to three aspects, it is necessary to establish and evaluate strategies that will make good of the underlying situations. Strategies to prevent service failure Detection of possible failures (Risk Management strategy) In today’s libraries, the need of risk management aspect has been identified. Risk management involves establishing measures to help in detecting potential failures as well as their sources before they surface. For the service enquiry desk encounter, it will involve the visualization of each and every possible reason as to why there might be a failure of the encounter and what should be the most effective way to deal with this failure if it eventually surfaces. In effect, the library manager will have to make attempts of simulating what might come to happen to this library service. Usually, detection of potential failures involves a sequence of events that are likely to happen and therefore working through them. However, one must first understand the sequence before commencing the task. Maintenance The maintenance strategy is considered as the decision as to whether to attempt the task of failure prevention while making use of preventive maintenance or to leave it all and allow the occurrence of failures and thereby making amendments by repairing the failures. For an encounter such as service enquiry desk in a library, prevention strategy rather than breakdown maintenance strategy is more viable considering both the extent of financial forego and continuity of internal library services. Yet most activities pertaining to maintenance in practice are still focused on breakdown maintenance, which is reactive. However, with the rise of knowledge on the aspect of total service encounter maintenance, adherence is being gained (Palmer 2008). In order to prevent failure of service desk enquiry encounter, the detection strategy w ill be mainly focused on. The rationale behind this is that, failures, which are likely to hamper the effective operation of the service, will be established and as such, measures will be put in place and therefore, there will be no difficulty or wastage of time in restoring the operational level of the service if failures actually occur. Recovery from service failure strategies It is not necessarily that the presence of a a service failure means a disaster for the library and the students. If there are efficient strategies put in place to respond to any failure surfacing, aspects such as student’s satisfaction, loyalty as well as trust can increase. According to Halstead, Drogue Cooper (2003), when a company recovers a failed service, commitment as well as trust between an organization and the customer is built and maintained. Students will indeed talk positive things regarding the library and this enhances its image. Provision of the right type of justice strategy From the customer’s perspective, a good service recovery tends to focus extensively on justice as well as fairness. This strategy is usually constituted of three dimensions which include; Distributive justice This is the outcome of the recovery situation. An example of this includes an apology from the person behind the service enquiry desk. Procedural justice This pertains to the way the processes involved in the recovery process works. Interactional justice This pertains to the manner in which the students are treated one of the disadvantages of this strategy is that the students will be dissatisfied with the efforts towards recovery. This is because; while the librarians will exceedingly emphasize the distributive justice, the importance of process as well as interactional justice will be overlooked. Understanding the problem’s scale The underlying fact put into consideration in this strategy is that; it is only through the establishment of the true scale of dissatisfaction of a student that the library management will see and therefore prepare adequately against the crisis of imminent service enquiry desk failure (Berry, Seiders Grewal 2002). This strategy advocates that there is a necessity of the library management establishing a service culture that focuses on engaging with the students while requesting for honest responses irrespective of whether they are painful or friendly in nature. Further, this strategy advocates for finding out what is being rumoured in blogs, and other websites pertaining the inquiry desk services. By getting a clear idea regarding the range of problems that the students are experiencing, the service desk inquiry management can put efforts in defining and therefore prioritizing the areas that need improvement (Hoffman, Kelley Rotalsky 2005). Encouraging complaints from the students This strategy insists that the students who don’t complain are also valuable to the library. In addition to this, the strategy asserts that these students pose a significant extent of danger to the library. Provision of incentives in order to reduce the extent of customer complaints leads to a false believe among the librarians that few complains means an improvement of services while more complains signifies unqualified services. Ensuring student satisfaction with the service Student satisfaction pertains to keeping the students happy with the offerings provided by the service enquiry desk. One of the mistakes that librarians make is that they believe that immediately the service is offered, follow up actions on librarian’s behalf of the students is not necessary. The following are the strategies that ensure that the student is satisfied with the service Start before selling Way before the student purchases the library service, it is necessary that the management of the library makes them feel as if they are the most vital elements around. In addition to this, the library must ensure that the service desk is sufficiently staffed for the sake of enquiries from the students, and as such, this guarantees a pleasant experience for the student prior to assessing the service. Following up on the sale Making follow ups after the student has purchased the service is very essential as it lead to gaining insight both on the library’s levels of service from the client’s perspective as well as reviews and feedbacks concerning the service purchased by the student. Even though the student might use the service, there might be instances where he is not wholly satisfied with the service. If follow up actions are put into place by the library, the situation is easily noted and rectified and the needs addressed. Conclusion and recommendations From this analysis, it is evidently clear that service encounters are the main operational attributes of an organization. As such, service encounters link the customers to the company. According to Shostack’s molecular model, a service encoun ter is constituted of two elements which includes; tangible (peripheral evidence) elements as well as Intangible (Essential evidence) elements. Service encounters are categorized into four with each category constituted with similar levels of service encounters. An example of these is high involvement personal service category constituted by health services as well as personal services (Bitner et al. 1990). Different service encounters in the same category have similar elements and as such, a critical incident technique can be used to establish incident encounters (Halstead, Drogue Cooper 2003). Service encounters are subject to failures and as such, strategies should be put in place to avoid or mitigate these failures. Failure detection as well as maintenance is the most viable strategies used in failure prevention. However, failure detection is the most preferable as it is cost effective. With reference to recovery, the most ideal strategies include; encouraging complaints from t he customers as well as provision of the right type of justice strategy. Blending these strategies is the advisable for any operating company. In order to ensure that the customer satisfaction with the service is enhanced, strategies such as service recommendations, following up on the sale as well as starting before selling. Just like for failure recovery strategies, it is necessary that a Company blends these strategies to fully realize customer satisfaction (Grà ¶nroos 2007). References Berry, L.L, Seiders, K Grewal, D 2002, ‘Understanding Service Convenience’, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 1–17. Bitner et al. 1990, ‘The predicament of injustice: The management of moral outrage’, Research in Organizational Behaviour, Vol. 9, pp. 289–319. Carlzon, J 1987, Moments of Truth, Ballinger Books, Cambridge, MA. Grà ¶nroos, C 2007, Service management and marketing: Customer management in service, John Wiley Son, Chichester. Halstead, D, Drogue, C Cooper, MB 2003, ‘Product warranties and post purchase service: A model of consumer satisfaction without complaint resolution’, Journal of Services Marketing, Vol.7 no. 1, pp. 33–40. Hoffman, KD, Kelley, SW Rotalsky, HM 2005, ‘Tracking service failures and employee recovery efforts’, Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 2, pp. 49–61. Palmer, A 2008, Principles of services marketing, McGraw Hill, Glasgow. Zeithaml, VA, Bitner, M.J Gremler, D.D 2006, Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm, McGraw-Hill Education, Boston, Mass. This report on Service Encounter: Service Enquiry Desk in a Library was written and submitted by user Karlee O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Create a Homeschool Schedule

How to Create a Homeschool Schedule After deciding to homeschool and selecting  curriculum, figuring out how to create a homeschool schedule is sometimes one of the most challenging aspects of educating at home. The majority of today’s homeschooling parents graduated from a traditional school setting. The schedule was easy. You showed up to school before the first bell rang and stayed until the last bell rang. The county announced the first and last days of school and all the holiday breaks in between. You knew when each class was going to take place and how long you’d spend in each based on your class schedule. Or, if you were in elementary school, you just did what your teacher told you to do next. So, how do you make a homeschool schedule? The complete freedom and flexibility of homeschooling can make it difficult to let go of  the traditional school calendar mode. Let’s break homeschool schedules down into some manageable chunks. Yearly Schedules The first plan you’ll want to determine is your annual schedule. Your state’s homeschooling laws may play a  role in setting your yearly schedule. Some states require a certain number of hours of home instruction each year. Some require a specific number of homeschool days. Others consider home schools self-governing private schools and put no stipulations on attendance. A 180-day school year is fairly standard and works out to four 9-week quarters, two 18-week semesters, or 36 weeks. Most homeschool curriculum publishers  base their products on this 36-week model, making it a good starting point for planning your familys schedule. Some families keep their schedules very simple by choosing a start date and counting days until they’ve met their states requirements. They take breaks and days off as needed. Others prefer to have a framework calendar in place. There is still lots of flexibility even with an established yearly calendar. Some possibilities include: A typical school schedule from Labor Day until the end of May/first of JuneYear ‘round schooling with six weeks on/one week off or nine weeks on/two weeks offFour-day school weeks until youve satisfied attendance requirementsFollowing your city or countys  public/private school calendar (This option works well for families who homeschool some of their children while others attend a traditional school or families in which one parent works at a traditional school.) Weekly Schedules Once you’ve decided on the framework for your yearly homeschool schedule, you can work out the details of your weekly schedule. Take outside factors such as co-op or work schedules into consideration when planning your  weekly schedule. One of the benefits of homeschooling is that your weekly schedule doesn’t have to be Monday through Friday. If one or both parents have  an unconventional work week, you can adjust your school days to maximize family time. For example, if a parent works Wednesday through Sunday, you can make that your school week, as well, with Monday and Tuesday being your family’s weekend. A weekly homeschool schedule can also be adjusted to accommodate an  irregular work schedule. If a parent works six days one week and four the next, school can follow  the same schedule. Some families do their regular  school work  four days each week reserving the fifth day for co-op, field trips, or other outside-the-home classes and activities. Block Schedule Two other scheduling options are block schedules and loop schedules. A block schedule is one in which one or more subjects are allotted  a large span of time a couple of days a week instead of an hour or so every day. For example, you might schedule two hours for history on Mondays and Wednesdays and two hours for science on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Block scheduling allows students to fully focus on a particular subject without over-scheduling the school day. It allows time for activities such as hands-on history projects and  science labs. Loop Schedule A loop schedule is one in which there is a list of activities to cover but no  specific day  to cover them. Instead, you and your students spend time on each as its turn comes up on the loop. For example, if you’d like to allow space in your homeschool schedule for art, geography, cooking, and music, but you don’t have time to devote to them each day, add them to a loop schedule. Then, determine how many days you want to include loop schedule subjects. Perhaps, you choose Wednesdays and Fridays. On Wednesday, you study art and geography and on Friday, cooking, and music. On a given Friday, you may run out of time for music, so the following Wednesday, you would cover that and art, picking  up with geography and cooking on Friday. Block scheduling and loop scheduling can work well together. You may block schedule Monday through Thursday and leave Friday as a loop schedule day. Daily Schedules Most of the time when people ask about homeschool schedules, they’re referring to the nitty-gritty daily schedules. Like yearly schedules, your states homeschool laws may dictate some aspects of your daily schedule. For example, some states homeschooling laws require a specific number of hours of daily instruction. New homeschooling parents often wonder how long a homeschool day should be. They worry that they aren’t doing enough because it may only take two or three hours to get through the day’s work, particularly if the students are young. It is important for  parents to realize that a homeschool day may not take as long a typical public or private school day. Homeschooling parents don’t have to take time for administrative tasks, such as roll call or preparing 30 students for lunch or allow time for students to move from one classroom to the next between subjects. Additionally, homeschooling allows for focused, one-on-one attention. A homeschooling parent can answer his or her student’s questions and move on rather than answering questions from an entire class. Many parents of young children through first or second grade find that they can easily cover all subjects in just an hour or two. As students get older, it may take them longer to complete their work. A high school student may spend the full four to five hours – or more – dictated by state law. However, you shouldn’t stress even if a teen’s school work doesn’t take that much time  as long they are completing and comprehending it. Provide a learning-rich environment for your children and you will discover that learning happens even when the school books are put away. Students can use those extra hours to read, pursue their hobbies, explore electives, or invest in extracurricular activities. Sample Daily Schedule Allow your daily homeschool schedule to be shaped by your family’s personality and needs, not by what you think it â€Å"should† be. Some homeschool families prefer scheduling specific times for each subject. Their schedule may look something like this: 8:30 – Math9:15 – Language Arts9:45 – Snack/break10:15 - Reading11:00 – Science11:45 – Lunch12:45  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ History/social studies1:30 – Electives (art, music, etc.) Other families prefer a daily routine to a time-specific schedule. These families know that they’re going to start with math, using the example above, and end with electives, but they may not have the same start and end times each day. Instead,  they work through each subject, completing each and taking breaks as needed. Factors to Consider It’s important to note that many homeschooling families start much later in the day. They don’t start until 10 or 11 a.m. – or even until the afternoon! Some factors that may influence a homeschooling family’s start time include: Biology – Night owls or those who are more alert in the afternoon may  prefer a later start time. Early risers and those who are more focused in the mornings, usually prefer an earlier start time.Work schedules – Families  in which one or both parents work an atypical shift may choose to start school after that parent goes to work. When my husband worked second, we had our big family meal at lunch and started school after he left for work.Family needs – Factors such as a new baby, a sick parent/child/relative, a home-based business, or maintaining a family farm can all affect start times.Outside classes  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Homeschool co-op,  dual-enrollment, and other classes or activities outside the home may dictate your start time requiring that you  complete school work before or after these commitments.   Once you have teens who are working independently, your schedule may undergo a radical shift. Many teens find that they’re most alert late at night and that they also require more sleep. Homeschooling allows the freedom for teens to work when they’re most productive. The Bottom Line There is no one perfect homeschooling schedule and finding the right one for your family may take some trial and error. And it will likely need to be adjusted from year to year as your children get older and the factors affecting your schedule change. The most important tip to remember is to allow your familys needs to shape your schedule, not an unrealistic idea of how the schedule should or shouldnt be set up.

Biography of Charles Manson, Mass Murderer

Biography of Charles Manson, Mass Murderer Charles Manson (November 12, 1934–November 19, 2017) was a mass murderer who founded a desert cult known as The Family in the 1960s and manipulated its members into brutally killing people on his behalf, including the pregnant actress Sharon Tate and other Hollywood residents. The crimes inspired Helter Skelter, a best-selling book  released in 1974, and an Emmy-nominated TV miniseries by the same name released in 1976. Fast Facts: Charles Manson Known For: Manipulating his cult to commit mass murderAlso Known As: Charles Milles MaddoxBorn: Nov. 12, 1934 in  Cincinnati,  OhioMother: Kathleen MaddoxDied: Nov. 19, 2017 in Kern County, CaliforniaSpouses: Rosalie Willis, Leona StevensChildren: Charles Manson Jr., Charles Luther MansonNotable Quote: â€Å"You know, a long time ago being crazy meant something. Nowadays everybodys crazy.† Early Life Charles Manson was born Charles Milles Maddox on Nov. 12, 1934, in Cincinnati, Ohio, to 16-year-old Kathleen Maddox, who had run away from home at age 15. Shortly after Charles birth, she married William Manson. Despite their brief marriage, her son took his name and was known as Charles Manson for the rest of his life. His mother was known to drink heavily and spent periods in jail, including time for a strong-arm robbery conviction in 1940. According to Manson, she had little interest in being a mother: Mom was in a cafe one afternoon with me on her lap. The waitress, a would-be mother without a child of her own, jokingly told my Mom shed buy me from her. Mom replied, A pitcher of beer and hes yours. The waitress set up the beer, Mom stuck around long enough to finish it off and left the place without me. Several days later my uncle had to search the town for the waitress and take me home. Since his mother couldnt take care of him, Manson spent his youth with various relatives, which werent good experiences for the young boy. His grandmother was a religious fanatic, and one uncle ridiculed the boy for being feminine. Another uncle, while Manson was in his care, committed suicide after he learned that his land was being seized by authorities. After an unsuccessful reunion with his mother, Manson began to steal at age 9. Three years later he was sent to Gibault School for Boys in Terre Haute, Indiana, which wouldnt be his last experience in reform school. Before long he added burglary and auto theft to his repertoire. He would escape a reform school, steal, get caught, and be sent back to reform school, again and again. When he was 17, Manson drove a stolen car across state lines, earning his first stint in federal prison. During his first year there, he racked up eight assault charges before being transferred to another facility. Marriage In 1954, at age 19, Manson was released on parole after an unusual period of good behavior. The next year, he married a 17-year-old waitress named Rosalie Willis, and the two took off for California in a stolen car. Before long Rosalie became pregnant, which was good for Manson because it helped him get probation rather than prison time for stealing a car. His luck would not last, though. In March 1956, Rosalie gave birth to Charles Manson Jr., one month before his father was sent to prison after his probation was revoked. The sentence this time was three years in Terminal Island Prison in San Pedro, California. After one year, Mansons wife found someone new, left town, and divorced him in June 1957. Second Imprisonment In 1958, Manson was released from prison. While he was out, he began pimping in Hollywood. He conned a young woman out of her money and in 1959 received a 10-year suspended sentence for  stealing checks from mailboxes. Manson married again, this time to a prostitute named Candy Stevens (real name Leona), and fathered a second son, Charles Luther Manson. She divorced him in 1963. On June 1, 1960, Manson was arrested again and charged with crossing state lines with the intent of prostitution. His parole was revoked and he received a seven-year sentence to be served at McNeil Island Penitentiary in Puget Sound, off the Washington state coast. During this term, Manson began studying Scientology and music, and he became obsessed with performing. He practiced his music all the time, wrote dozens of songs, and started singing. He believed that when he got out of prison, he could become a famous musician. The Family On March 21, 1967, Manson was released again from prison. This time he headed to San Francisco, Californias Haight-Ashbury district, where, with a guitar and drugs, he began to develop a following. Mary Brunner was one of the first to fall for Manson. The U.C. Berkeley librarian invited him to move in with her. Before long she started doing drugs and quit her job to follow Manson. Brunner helped entice others to join what would eventually be called the  Manson Family. Lynette Fromme  soon joined Brunner and Manson. In San Francisco, they found many young people who were lost and searching for purpose. Mansons prophesies and strange songs created a reputation that he had a sixth sense. He relished his position as a mentor, and the manipulation skills he had honed in childhood and prison fueled the attraction of the vulnerable to him. His followers saw Manson as a guru and a prophet. In 1968, Manson  and several followers drove to Southern California. Spahn Ranch In the late 1960s, Manson was still hoping for a music career. Through an acquaintance, music teacher Gary Hinman, he met Dennis Wilson of the Beach Boys, who recorded one of Mansons songs under the title Never Learn Not to Love. Through Wilson, Manson met record producer Terry Melcher, actress Doris Days son, whom Manson believed would advance his music career. When nothing happened, Manson was upset. He and some of his followers moved to Spahn Ranch, which was northwest of the San Fernando Valley. The ranch had been a popular film location for westerns in the 1940s and 1950s. Once Manson and his followers moved in, it became a cult compound for The Family. Helter Skelter Despite his skill at manipulating people, Manson suffered from delusions. When The Beatles released their White Album in 1968, Manson believed their song Helter Skelter predicted an upcoming race war, which he referred to as Helter Skelter. He thought it would occur in the summer of 1969 and that blacks would rise up and slaughter white America. He told his followers that they would be saved because they would hide in an underground city of gold in Death Valley. When the Armageddon that Manson had predicted didnt occur, he said he and his followers would have to show blacks how to do it. In their first known murder, they killed Hinman on July 25, 1969. The Family staged the scene to look as if the Black Panthers had done it by leaving one of their symbols, a paw print. Tate and LaBianca Murders On Aug. 9, Manson ordered  four of his followers to go to 10050 Cielo Drive in Los Angeles and kill the people inside. The house  had belonged to Melcher, who had spurned Mansons dreams of a music career, but actress Sharon Tate and her husband, director Roman Polanski, were leasing it. Charles Tex Watson, Susan Atkins, Patricia Krenwinkel, and Linda Kasabian brutally murdered Tate, her unborn baby, and four others who were visiting her (Polanski was working in Europe). The following night, Mansons followers brutally killed Leno and Rosemary LaBianca in their home. Trial It took police several months to determine who was responsible for the brutal slayings. In December 1969, Manson and several of his followers were arrested. The trial for the Tate and LaBianca murders began on July 24, 1970. On Jan. 25, Manson was found guilty of first-degree murder and conspiracy to commit murder. Two months later, he was sentenced to death. Death Manson was saved from execution when the California Supreme Court outlawed the death penalty in 1972. During his decades in the California State Prison  in  Corcoran, Manson received more mail than any other prisoner in the U.S. He was denied parole a dozen times and died, apparently of natural causes, on Nov. 19, 2017. He was 83. Legacy Laurie Levenson, a professor at Loyola Law School who followed high-profile cases, described Manson in 2009 as the worst of the worst: If youre going to be evil, you have to be off-the-charts evil, and Charlie Manson was off-the-charts evil, Levenson told CNN. Despite the vicious brutality of the murders he committed or ordered, however, Manson became an icon of sorts to the more radical elements of the counterculture movement. His image is still seen on posters and T-shirts. To others, he was an object of morbid curiosity. In addition to the best-selling Helter Skelter, which was written by Manson prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi, and the TV movie released two years later, many other books and movies related to the Manson story have been released. Sources Charles Manson: American Criminal and Cult Leader. Encyclopaedia Britannica.Charles Manson  Biography. Biography.com.Charles Manson, leader of murderous 60s cult, dead at 83. CNN.

Organ Harvesting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organ Harvesting - Research Paper Example Medical science has recently succeeded in replacing defective kidney and heart like human organs with substitute kidneys and hearts taken from other people. Many of the dying people are ready to donate their organs when they realize that they left with no hope of survival. Such people donate their organs in order to save the lives of others who have defected organs. There is no harm in showing such mercy towards diseased people and it should be recognized as a noble act. However, many incidents from all over the world are currently coming out with respect to the forceful seizure of human organs from healthy people. In many cases, doctors conduct unnecessary surgeries and steal the kidney like internal organs and trade it for financial benefits. Even the person whose kidney has been stolen has no possibility of knowing what happened to him after the surgery unless he conducts further scanning or X-ray experiments. This paper briefly analyses various dimensions of organ harvesting. Bef ore discussing anything about organ harvesting it is necessary to discuss something about the state of death. Medical science has different opinions about the concept of death. Some medical experts argue death of a person happens when the brain stops it functioning. On the other hand others are of the view that death occurs when the heart functioning stops. There are many patients whose hearts are still working even though their brain became inactive. In any case, it is better to confirm the heart or brain death first before deciding about organ harvesting. The relatives of the patients can do many things in such situations. They can decide whether to sustain the life of such patients in such no hope conditions or not. Moreover, they can decide whether to donate the organs of such patients to others who are in need of it to save their lives. In any case, the donation of organs with the consent of the dying patient or with the consent of the relatives under certain circumstances can be accepted as a moral thing. â€Å"If someone has indicated that he or she wishes to donate organs after death, a transplant team can immediately move in and initiate the organ harvesting process after consent forms are signed by someone with the power of attorney for the patient† (What is Organ Harvesting?) In many cases organ harvesting is conducted forcefully or without the consent of the donor. The reports about forceful organ harvesting or stealing of organs are increasing day by day. No country, irrespective of developed, developing or underdeveloped, seems to be free from the antisocial activities or human right violation like organ stealing or forceful organ harvesting. Reports of forceful organ harvesting are coming from countries like, America, Britain, China, India, Israel etc. Robinson (2008) has reported some shocking incidents of organ stealing from India. Shocked but not surprised. That might be the best way to sum up India's reaction to the revelation this we ek that a black market organ transplant ring had been harvesting kidneys from poor Indian laborers, sometimes against their wishes, and using them in foreigners desperate for transplants. Police who busted the ring last week say doctors paid as little as $1000 for the kidneys and then sold them for as much as $37,500. The racket, based in Gurgaon, a business center close to the capital, New Delhi, drew victims from as many as eight Indian states and lasted for almost a decade. Police say the

Myself as a Psychological Researcher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Myself as a Psychological Researcher - Essay Example It involves four important goals to achieve in order to answer what it seeks. The paragraph below will identify and explain the choices I will make as a career after graduation a psychological researcher particularly in three fields of psychology. My area of interest is particularly in the field of Cognitive, developmental and social psychology. Cognitive Psychology is defined as the study of the mental processing of information received by the senses relayed to the brain for analysis and interpretation thereby generating reactions and response. Developmental study on the other hand is related with the way the mental facets along with the senses develops and functions. Together with Cognitive psychology, the developmental Psychology explains how and why people react and respond to certain external stimulus, and dictates how we make use of logic and comprehension once the external stimulus occurs again. Social Psychology on the other hand studies about human behavior, all together they are interrelated these studies explains how man interacts and relates with the world. This interests me because I believe this the most logical and definitive way we understand even the most complex of all behavior.

Training & Development Essay Example for Free

Training Development Essay At McDonalds they have training that will benefit the managers for example they offer courses to the applicants. For the first 18 weeks, they will build foundations for their entire career. Amongst other things, they will discover how to prepare food, master the equipment, develop their serving ability and learn how to motivate a team. When you done well enough they will graduate to 2nd assistant manager and receive more training and experience from other managers, helping them gain more information on how to run a store of their own. As well as attending training courses, they will be asked to do some self-study and complete computer-based training programs, these will help them build knowledge about people development, cash control etc. once they have succeeded the program they will then move up to 1st assistant manager where they are able to run a store of their own. There is a session where all the managers have to attend to its called the Nuts and Balls Integrations Teams NABIT. This is where they get informed about new products, new rules and new promotions; it is their responsibility to pass that information on to their staff back at their stores. Shift Manager Roles Responsibilities The responsibility of the shift manager is to operate the Quality Service Cleanliness Value principles to the rest of the staff. The principles help the store to meet the requirements of the customers and therefore it is the shift managers job to explain them to the staff. He is also in charge of the shifts and giving the shifts to the employees, making sure that they have expertise in charge of each equipment. He also needs to rotate his crewmembers in order for them to experience each department; therefore they wouldnt have to rely on an individual. Hes responsible for training the employees as well, McDonalds use the buddy system, this system helps the employee understand how to use certain things by following orders from an experienced employee, hence the word buddy. Its his responsibility to put untrained workers on a buddy system. The shift manager is expected to handle the floor properly and spread the work within teams, giving the team leaders the orders on how/what to operate in the store. You could say that the shift manager is the right-hand man of the store manager because he is passing on a lot of delegation. Motivation The shift manager on our visit explained that he is mainly motivated by the fact that he is able to progress to become a 2nd assistant manager. You could say promotion is his essential motivating factor and McDonalds therefore have training programmes in order to meet those needs. However, he has stated that money also plays a huge part in his motivation factors. He claims that bonuses, payroll increase etc motivates him as an individual. The shift manager at the McDonalds has a lot of different motivating factors and one of them was money, which related back to the motivation theory of Taylor who suggested that money drives people working in a firm. However, he also claimed that he always looks forward to move up a position and enhance new skills and knowledge, which also could be related to theory of Maslow, who suggested the Hierarchy, meeting the needs of the employees by stages. Qualities As a shift manager, you would be expected to have certain amount of qualities including, flexibility, cooperative, experience, sympathetic, motivated, enthusiastic, optimistic, consistent and a sense of hospitality. These are very important qualities to have to gain the position at the store. The important one is to be able to give commands to teams and being able to meet daily objectives and communicating with each team. Spreading out the stronger characters with the weaker ones and balancing the strengths of the teams. According to crewmembers I have caught up with, stated that they usually spread their workers and each team would have an experienced worker and some new workers. Training and Development The shift manager has training and its both on and off the job training. He follows a course provided by McDonalds in order to enhance new skills and knowledge on how to run a business by their own. This will help them move up and open up a store of their own if success shows. They receive computer-based programs of training to take home and do some self-study; at the same time they receive training on the job where they get to experience some of the managerial work with other experienced managers.

Elizabethan Theater :: essays research papers

Elizabethan Theater Elizabethan times in the 1600s was a progression for the world of the theater. A period named after Queen Elizabeth I of England, it is from this period that modern day society has its foundation for the entertainment industry. From the violence that was prevalent because of the Black Death, people turned to the theater for its poetry and romance. During this time period, there were two types of theatrical performances that were available for the people’s viewing, comedies or tragedies. These two genres were never really intertwined until the time of William Shakespeare. His play, Romeo and Juliet, is an example of both a comedy and a tragedy. It starts off as a comedy with Romeo weeping like a baby because of his love Rosaline, who did not love him back and ends as a tragedy when Romeo and Juliet, a pair of star crossed lovers, commit suicide because the lost of each other. It was also during Shakespeare’s time that writer were finally acknowledged by the people. Befor e this time, writers were not considered upper classman. Another group of people that began to rise into a higher social class were the actors. Actresses were not present back then because women were not allowed on stage. It was considered unladylike to have a female actor. Men played all the parts. Theater owners were dependent on actors to make them a profit. Rehearsals for the plays were fairly short, only lasting for about a week. The performances themselves would only show for three to four days. Actors were expected to memorize hundreds of lines at a time. While one play could be performing, actors would be practicing lines for their next show. Play writers also began to make roles for the actors in the theatrical pieces. The theaters that actors performed in were roofless so that the sun could be used as lighting. Theatrical shows were held in the afternoon because it provided the best amount of light for the show. When the people gathered into the theater, the different clas ses of people were separated by where they could afford to sit and watch the show. The lower classmen were situated on the bare earth where it was dirty and smelly because it was never cleaned. The owners’ of the theaters found it less expensive if they did not keep high maintenance of their establishments. Higher classmen sat under a roof and for a penny more, they could buy cushions for their seats. Elizabethan Theater :: essays research papers Elizabethan Theater Elizabethan times in the 1600s was a progression for the world of the theater. A period named after Queen Elizabeth I of England, it is from this period that modern day society has its foundation for the entertainment industry. From the violence that was prevalent because of the Black Death, people turned to the theater for its poetry and romance. During this time period, there were two types of theatrical performances that were available for the people’s viewing, comedies or tragedies. These two genres were never really intertwined until the time of William Shakespeare. His play, Romeo and Juliet, is an example of both a comedy and a tragedy. It starts off as a comedy with Romeo weeping like a baby because of his love Rosaline, who did not love him back and ends as a tragedy when Romeo and Juliet, a pair of star crossed lovers, commit suicide because the lost of each other. It was also during Shakespeare’s time that writer were finally acknowledged by the people. Befor e this time, writers were not considered upper classman. Another group of people that began to rise into a higher social class were the actors. Actresses were not present back then because women were not allowed on stage. It was considered unladylike to have a female actor. Men played all the parts. Theater owners were dependent on actors to make them a profit. Rehearsals for the plays were fairly short, only lasting for about a week. The performances themselves would only show for three to four days. Actors were expected to memorize hundreds of lines at a time. While one play could be performing, actors would be practicing lines for their next show. Play writers also began to make roles for the actors in the theatrical pieces. The theaters that actors performed in were roofless so that the sun could be used as lighting. Theatrical shows were held in the afternoon because it provided the best amount of light for the show. When the people gathered into the theater, the different clas ses of people were separated by where they could afford to sit and watch the show. The lower classmen were situated on the bare earth where it was dirty and smelly because it was never cleaned. The owners’ of the theaters found it less expensive if they did not keep high maintenance of their establishments. Higher classmen sat under a roof and for a penny more, they could buy cushions for their seats.

Antigone Moral Dilemma

Antigone’s Moral Dilemma Perhaps the most pronounced question in the play â€Å"Antigone† by Sophocles' is the value of human law vs. divine law. In this tragic play a newly appointed king Creon declares to his people that treason was committed during battle, and one of the two brothers (Polyneices) killed shall not be buried according to the Gods, but instead â€Å"He shall be left unburied for all to watch the corpse mutilated and eaten by carrion-birds and by dogs† (Sophocles, 1900. ). This dilemma is felt by many, especially Antigone (sister of the deceased). In Greek culture it is thought that the spirit of a body cannot find rest if it is has not been laid to rest by the evening of the day it has departed, and it is condemned to roam the earth for eternity. The struggle between human law and divine law is a moral dilemma Antigone feels as she decides to go against the laws of the king. Antigone’s desire to bury Polyneices properly according a divine edict is challenged as she faces the hurdle to defy King Creon’s ruling. She acknowledges the importance of family and savors in the knowledge of defying the state. She ultimately succeeds in this moral quest to stand by belief in divine principle above and against the power and authority of the state, despite her suicide. Many Greek writers such as Homer in Iliad, reflect religious ideology in their works. A constant battle between man and the gods are apparent, and the concepts of burial rights are similarly played out. In Iliad after Achilles rejoins the battle and fights his enemies, he kills Hektor, the Trojan leader and releases his body to be buried after the gods intervene (Coughlin, 1990. ). In Antigone, the character Antigone realizes that Creon next in line to become king may have been thought to be chosen by the gods to rule, and she faces the decision to endure the law of Creon or be in contempt of Creon's edict to pursue the will of the gods. According to Greek mythology humans could endure an even far more eternal punishment for breaking the gods will. Antigone also questions, what if it was meant for Creon to be king, therefore it may be the will of the god’s for punishment to come upon Polyneices. After negating this thought she oon realizes that the will of the god’s is not only something King Creon must witness and acknowledge, but something she must enforce herself. This determination to do what is right even in defiance of patriarchal law can be seen in lines 1019-1021, â€Å"But if these men are wrong, let them suffer nothing worse than they mete out to me—these masters of injustice! † (Sophocles, 1900. ). Because, Antigone truly thinks that Creon has not rightfully been awarded king, there is resentment towards him for finding his way to the throne through the end of the true power. It is possible that Antigone did not take the king seriously or thought that she would possibly be spared. In fact, she may have perhaps just simply not cared. However, she chooses to display the importance of divine edict over the kings and takes it upon herself to give her brother a proper burial. She vocalizes this as she states, â€Å"I didn't say yes. I can say no to anything I say vile, and I don't have to count the cost. But because you said yes, all that you can do, for all your crown and your trappings, and your guards—all that your can do is to have me killed. (Sophocles, 1900). This quote shows not only faith but fate in the political heroism Antigone's portrays in her resistance to refuse the power of state. Antigone answers no to all that she finds to be vile, â€Å"I have longer to please the dead than please the living here: in the kingdom down below I'll lie forever (Sophocles, 1900. Lines 88-90). These lines show how much personal power she possesses compare d to King Creon. Antigone remains consistent, even contentious in her disobedience. By offending the king, it is as if Antigone is leaving him no choice and his prideful ways force him to sustain her sentence. After Creon realizes that fulfilling his order may be a mistake , he also knows that he cannot retract the ordering of her death. He had surrendered his actions to the power of the state, and thus rendering himself to a loathsome state. Unlike Antigone, who finds free will and faith in the laws of the god’s. Playwrights such as Sophocles attempt to understand the meaning of human suffering and reexamine the many traditions and ideals from the past. Greek mythology questions the public and private responsibilities of individuals. As in any circumstance fighting against what is valued as right can become a conflicting power. Antigone’s decision to go through this treacherous act alone enabled her to find peace within the divine laws of nature during her time. The act of surrendering to a fate that was unjust prepared her for the desire she clung to despite its unbalanced position. Antigone’s fatal removal from the human community renders a powerful and tragically beautiful character of Greek mythology. The moral decisions she sought after became apparent to everyone, especially Creon, that † Fate raises up, / And fate casts down the happy and unhappy alike: / No man can foretell his fate. † (Sophocles, 1900. ). Fate plays an important role in Greek tragedy. Antigone seemingly found that â€Å"There is no happiness where there is no wisdom; / No wisdom but in submission to the gods. † (Sophocles, 1900. ). She also raised the standards by which ordinary humanity was judged (Sophocles, 2005. Although she too suffered because of the heroic dichotomy present to all of Sophocles’ greatest characters, known as â€Å"the girl who feared to cast away the fear of heaven†, she could not have sacrificed love and life were she not on some level was cursed with a greater than human obsession for moral justice (Sophocles, 2005. ) The courageous actions of this character succeed in illustrating that not even a king’s entitlement can change a person’s fundamental natural rights. So it is possible to truly be happy, but only when man is wise. Wisdom is a necessary trait. It brings an understanding of the real values there are in this world. The pursuit of wisdom leads to happiness, as Antigone tells us. To truly gain wisdom, one must accept that it not something already possessed. All the answers are not given, and this world offers more to learn from than expected. So, did Antigone ultimately succeed in this moral quest to stand by the value of Greek mythology, despite her suicide? It seems apparent that submitting to the will of the gods allowed Antigone to gain the necessary wisdom to find true happiness, even in death. Some suggest it was the fate of the god’s, just as it had been for her father and brother’s.

My Business Management and Leadership Style Essay

Management involves getting things done through other people. Leadership, at its best, means inspiring staff to achieve demanding goals. Management style is all about investigating and satisfying your employees’ motivational needs. My main management style would be democratic. This means I would listen to others opinions and take them into account, however I would still have the final decision. I am open to suggestions in the workplace and eager to change policy where necessary as a result of good suggestions. Problems and their solutions can be obtained from quality circles, which I would use in my organisation. Being mostly democratic I would use delegation. This is where my subordinates are entrusted with tasks. This is a motivator as there is a commitment to complete a task effectively. I believe it is important to also be paternalistic and autocratic. I should share an interest in the lives of my employees and what is important to them. They will feel you value them as a person and not just as a worker. I would praise individuals and give incentives, such as bonuses. This would increase motivation and job enrichment. In some areas of business being autocratic is necessary, especially for health and safety reasons and if a task needs to be undertaken over a strict time period. Some people often look for a strong leader to tell them what to do. Overall, I believe the management style is important as the employees have a significant impact of the growth of a company. Each style of management can work effectively in different situations.

The Argument on Euthanasia and The Euthanasia Society of America Essays

The Argument on Euthanasia and The Euthanasia Society of America Essays The Argument on Euthanasia and The Euthanasia Society of America Paper The Argument on Euthanasia and The Euthanasia Society of America Paper Passive euthanasia is the deliberate disconnection of life support equipment, or cessation of any life sustaining medical procedure, permitting the natural death of the patient (EROG). Allowing an individual the right to choose if they want to fight to save their own life or to be allowed to die a nature death is becoming a major issue in todays society. This is not just a present day issue; it has been a topic of debate for many years. In 1906 Ohio drafted Its first euthanasia bill and then in 1938 The Euthanasia Society of America was founded (EROG). 1976 though was a turning point for euthanasia in the United States as the Quinlan Family goes all the way to the New Jersey Supreme Court to be allowed to disconnect the respirator from their comatose daughter. The courts approved the families request (EROG). Also in 1976 California passes the nations first Living Will law. A Living Will is the popular name for an advance directive by which a person requests in writing for a physician not to connect life supporting equipment if this procedure is merely going to delay an inevitable death (EROG). There are many people who feel that they do not want to have their death delayed by extraordinary means. Allowing passive euthanasia, gives individuals the right to decide about their own life. A right that I will try to show to you should not be taken away from any person. Assumptions All possible means should be used to save a life. This is not the best possible alternative. Life at all cost can become an enormous financial stress for families. There is also the added stress of taking care of a loved of that is totally dependent on others. When others are allowed to make the decision for live at all cost for an individual that is seriously ill or injured, they are generally thinking only of themselves and not the quality of life this person may have after the illness or injury. As John Miller states in one of his articles in The American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care; When we fall to the extremes, we take choices away from those who we believe we are helping. Life at all cost if allowed could be taken to the extreme. Values Protected Assisted Suicide Passive euthanasia Life at all cost Freedom of choice.Death with dignity.Individual liberty. Freedom of choice.Death with dignity.Individual liberty.Financial stability for families.Quality of life. Preservation of life.Protection of Doctors oath.Love and caring of a family member. With assisted suicide and passive euthanasia, a patient is given the freedom to choose what happens with their life; but with life at all cost it is usually the family or the medical personal making the decisions for the patient. Protection of a doctors medical oath comes secondary to the freedom to choice for an individual. Taking away a persons right to make their own decision about their life is not correct. No one knows what is best for an individual except the person involved in the decision. According to the Hemlock Society, if you are terminally ill, a person has the right to refuse treatment even if they will die without it. To demand and to receive adequate medication for pain control even if it will shorten your life. Life at all cost can be very expensive. Medical procedures and health care for a patient can be taken too far, cost families a great deal of money and emotional stress of taking care of a loved one. With passive euthanasia a patient is allowed to die with dignity. There is no extraordinary measure taken to save the patients life, which can also lower the medical expenses a family endures through a tragedy. Passive euthanasia allows a person to die naturally and with todays hospice programs, the patient is medicated to help relieve the unwanted pain. Assisted suicide or life at all cost can be considered extremes in todays society. As John Miller states in his article called Hospice Care or Assisted Suicide; When we fall to the extremes. We take choices away from those who we believe we are helping. But, there is a middle ground. When we aim for that middle ground, we all win.

Nathan Bedford Forrest in the Civil War

Nathan Bedford Forrest in the Civil War Nathan Bedford Forrest - Early Life: Born July 13, 1821 in Chapel Hill, TN, Nathan Bedford Forrest was the eldest child (of twelve) of William and Miriam Forrest. A blacksmith, William died of scarlet fever when his son was only seventeen.   The illness also claimed Forrests twin sister, Fanny. Needing to make money to support his mother and siblings, Forrest went into business with his uncle, Jonathan Forrest, in 1841. Operating in Hernando, MS, this enterprise proved short-lived as Jonathan was killed in a dispute four years later. Though somewhat lacking in formal education, Forrest proved a skilled businessman and by the 1850s had worked as a steamboat captain and slave trader before buying multiple cotton plantations in western Tennessee. Nathan Bedford Forrest - Joining the Military: Having amassed a large fortune, Forrest was elected an alderman in Memphis in 1858 and provided financial support for his mother as well as paid for his brothers college educations.   One of the richest men in the South when the Civil War began in April 1861, he enlisted as a private in the Confederate Army and he was assigned to Company E of the Tennessee Mounted Rifles in July 1861 along with his youngest brother. Shocked by the units lack of equipment, he volunteered to buy horses and gear for an entire regiment out of his personal funds. Responding to this offer, Governor Isham G. Harris, who was surprised that someone of Forrests means had enlisted as a private, directed him to raise a battalion of mounted troops and assume the rank of lieutenant colonel. Nathan Bedford Forrest - Rising Through the Ranks: Though lacking any formal military training, Forrest proved a gifted trainer and leader of men. This battalion soon grew into a regiment that fall. In February, Forrests command operated in support of Brigadier General John B. Floyds garrison at Fort Donelson, TN. Driven back to the fort by Union forces under Major General Ulysses S. Grant, Forrest and his men took part in the Battle of Fort Donelson. With the forts defenses near collapse, Forrest led the bulk of his command and other troops in a successful escape attempt which saw them wade through the Cumberland River to avoid the Union lines. Now a colonel, Forrest raced to Nashville where he aided in evacuating industrial equipment before the city fell to Union forces. Returning to action in April, Forrest operated with Generals Albert Sidney Johnston and P.G.T. Beauregard during the Battle of Shiloh. In the wake of the Confederate defeat, Forrest provided a rear guard during the armys retreat and was wounded at Fallen Timbers on April 8. Recovering, he received command a newly-recruited cavalry brigade. Working to train his men, Forrest raided into central Tennessee in July and defeated a Union force Murfreesboro. On July 21, Forrest was promoted to brigadier general. Having fully trained his men, he was angered in December when the Army of Tennessees commander, General Braxton Bragg, reassigned him to another brigade of raw troops. Though his men were ill-equipped and green, Forrest was ordered to conduct a raid into Tennessee by Bragg. Though believing the mission to be ill-advised under the circumstances, Forrest conducted a brilliant campaign of maneuver which disrupted Union operations in the area, secured captured weapons for his men, and delayed Grants Vicksburg Campaign. Nathan Bedford Forrest - Nearly Unbeatable: After spending the early part of 1863 conducting smaller operations, Forrest was ordered into northern Alabama and Georgia to intercept a larger Union mounted force led by Colonel Abel Streight. Locating the enemy, Forrest attacked Streight at Days Gap, AL on April 30. Though held, Forrest pursued the Union troops for several days until forcing their surrender near Cedar Bluff on May 3. Rejoining Braggs Army of Tennessee, Forrest took part in the Confederate victory at the Battle of Chickamauga in September. In the hours after the victory, he unsuccessfully appealed for Bragg to follow up with a march on Chattanooga. Though he verbally assaulted Bragg after the commanders refusal to pursue Major General William Rosecrans beaten army, Forrest was ordered to assume an independent command in Mississippi and received a promotion to major general on December 4. Raiding north in the spring of 1864, Forrests command attacked Fort Pillow in Tennessee on April 12. Largely garrisoned by African-American troops, the assault degenerated into a massacre with Confederate forces cutting down the black soldiers despite efforts to surrender. Forrests role in the massacre and whether it was premeditated remains a source of controversy. Returning to action, Forrest won his greatest victory on June 10 when he defeated Brigadier General Samuel Sturgis at the Battle of Brices Crossroads. Despite being severely outnumbered, Forrest utilized a superb mix of maneuver, aggression, and terrain to maul Sturgis command and capture around 1,500 prisoners and a large quantity of arms in the process. The triumph threatened Union supply lines which were supporting Major General William T. Shermans advance against Atlanta. As a result, Sherman dispatched a force under Major General A.J. Smith to deal with Forrest. Pushing into Mississippi, Smith succeeded in defeating Forrest and Lieutenant General Stephen Lee at the Battle of Tupelo in mid-July. Despite the defeat, Forrest continued to mount devastating raids into Tennessee including attacks on Memphis in August and Johnsonville in October. Again ordered to join the Army of Tennessee, now led by General John Bell Hood, Forrests command provided cavalry forces for the advance against Nashville. On November 30, he violently clashed with Hood after being refused permission to cross the Harpeth River and cut off the Union line of retreat before the Battle of Franklin. Nathan Bedford Forrest - Final Actions: As Hood shattered his army in frontal assaults against the Union position, Forrest did push across the river in an attempt to turn the Union left, but was beaten by Union cavalry led by Major General James H. Wilson. As Hood advanced towards Nashville, Forrests men were detached to raid the Murfreesboro area. Rejoining, on December 18, Forrest ably covered the Confederate retreat after Hood was crushed at the Battle of Nashville. For his performance, he was promoted to lieutenant general on February 28, 1865. With Hoods defeat, Forrest was effectively left to defend northern Mississippi and Alabama. Though badly outnumbered, he opposed Wilsons raid into the region in March. In the course of the campaign, Forrest was badly beaten at Selma on April 2. With Union forces overrunning the area, Forrests department commander, Lieutenant General Richard Taylor, elected to surrender on May 8. Surrendering at Gainesville, AL, Forrest gave a farewell address to his men the following day. Nathan Bedford Forrest - Later Life: Returning to Memphis after the war, Forrest sought to rebuild his ruined fortune. Selling his plantations in 1867, he also became an early leader of the Ku Klux Clan. Believing the organization to be a patriotic group dedicated to repressing African-Americans and opposing Reconstruction, he aided in its activities. As KKKs activities became increasingly violent and uncontrolled, he ordered the group to disband and departed in 1869. In the postwar years, Forrest found employment with the Selma, Marion, and Memphis Railroad and ultimately became the companys president. Hurt by the Panic of 1873, Forrest spent his last years running a prison work farm on Presidents Island near Memphis. Forrest died on October 29, 1877, most likely from diabetes. Initially buried at Elmwood Cemetery in Memphis, his remains were moved in 1904 to a Memphis park named in his honor. Highly respected by opponents such as Grant and Sherman, Forrest was known for his use of maneuver warfare and is often erroneously quoted as stating his philosophy was to git thar fustest with the mostest. In the years after the war, key Confederate leaders such Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee both expressed regret that Forrests skills had not been used to greater advantage. Selected Sources NNDB: Nathan Bedford ForrestCivil War: Nathan Bedford Forrest Nathan Bedford Forrest Biography

Causes and effect of stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Causes and effect of stress - Essay Example The feelings of loss can turn to stress if nothing is done to remedy the situation. Phobias also stress people because one has little control over what happens when they experience these stressors. Another cause of internal stress levels includes those issues related to health. If an individual has depression-related ailments or heart diseases, the stress levels increase (Renner 294-5). External issues also affect the way an individual reacts to stress. Pressure from work due to too much work with few or no vacations could have a negative toll on the body. Having to meet deadlines everyday also affects the daily reactions amongst employees. Finances also affect the way people react because they are unemployed, have low wages or have to plan for the future and are yet to get substantial amounts of money to accomplish their goals (Renner 296). People undergo different transitions in life, which define who they are. When they experience stressful situations, some may cave in to pressure. Others result to depression or solve their issues appropriately. Whichever way one looks at it, stress is part of life, but people need appropriate coping

Consider the meaning of liberty. What do these documents tell us about Essay

Consider the meaning of liberty. What do these documents tell us about the meaning of liberty in the United States during the late 19th century - Essay Example One of the significant meanings of â€Å"liberty† in the United States during the late 19th century is suggested by Emma Goldman’s essay on patriotism, according to which patriotism is a menace to liberty. In other words, liberty was comprehended as a concept which highlighted the anti-patriotic views of the people in the US during this time. According to Goldman, patriotism is all about a life of slavish submission, vice, and distortion, etc during peace, and a life of danger, exposure, and death, etc. at time of war. To her, â€Å"there is still enough of the spirit of independence and love of liberty left in the average American to risk starvation rather than don the uniform.† (Goldman, 7) Therefore, liberty is not possible for an individual when patriotism demands total submission of the individual freedom to the nation. In a reflective analysis of the law-system and the justice-system of the nation during the late 19th century, it becomes evident that individual liberty was cut back in the name of the public welfare. Thus, the concept of liberty was comprehended as something above the law-system and the justice-system which aimed at public welfare. â€Å"We have seen more than once that the public welfare may call upon the best citizens for their lives. It would be strange if it could not call upon those who already sap the strength of the State for these lesser sacrifices, often not felt to be such by those concerned, in order to prevent our being swamped with incompetence.† (Buck v. Bell, 2) The meaning of the term ‘liberty’ during the late 19th century was also affected by policies of the government in the United States of America, especially the foreign policies. Accordingly, the government policy for the immigration of foreigners to the nation also affected the enjoyment of liberty by the citizens of the

Industry review of retirement home industry Research Paper

Industry review of retirement home industry - Research Paper Example enture should aim at making profits to the investor, but it must also aim at the provision of quality services to the people in the immediate community (Scaffa and Reitz, 2014). There are two types of retirement industries available to individuals who have attained the age of retirement including the independent and the dependent communities. The independent communities consist of consist of the single family homes, condominiums, duplexes, or townhouses where these individuals live just on their own. This kind of industry may offer a number of services. These include provision of the recreation services, taking care of the lawn among other services. On the other hand, the dependent industry is bestowed with the responsibility of the provision of housing arrangements alongside other health care services. These constantly change with the change in the needs and the tastes of the community (Hillstrom and Hillstrom, 2002). In the retirement industry market, the communities are expected to increase especially in America to over 77 million in the next two years. The retirement group is expected to be shopping for the best option in the market regarding housing and health services in the next 2 decades. The venture into the retirement industry requires some capital to help run the facility in one way or the other. Therefore, this industry seems to be centered onto the senior citizens with some sizeable retirement incomes that are adequate to handle the expenses. For instance, in America, the most expensive retirement scheme requires a capital of between $ 100, 000 to $ 1 million (Scaffa & Reitz, 2014). There has been an escalating trend in the development and the expansion of the retirement industry in the American economy. However, in 2007, there was a recession in the US that spread up to the year 2013. This recession slowed down the growth in the retirement industry. This forced several individuals to delay the retirement due to the dwindling personal assets. There

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Physiology Treatment

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Physiology Treatment Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Physiological traits Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) more commonly referred to as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a progressive and deadly disease. Many with ALS experience grief and many families of those affected endure the same. At present medical science has demonstrated great potential in finding a workable cure or efficacious therapy. However, at present no such cure or efficacious therapy exists. A number of treatments can prolong the fatal course of ALS but none can stop it and ALS continues to significantly shorten the sufferer’s lifespan. 3.9 in every 100,000 individuals will develop ALS in America, so while the prevalence is relatively low, ALS has generated a great deal of attention due in part to its severity, to numerous movements to raise funding for the disorder and for its generalized physiological symptoms and theoretical relation to other dementing illnesses such as Alzheimer’s. Definitive answers as to the causes of ALS are currently not known. Numerous theories have emerged and research has pinpointed causes which partially explain occurrence or have been found in rat studies but have yet to reach human testing. Promising treatments for the disease have been found however none have made it beyond the research stage. Exposure to different toxins has been suggested as a potential cause, ranging from occupational exposure and physical activity to military exposure and trauma. Males have a higher prevalence rate than females. Particularly, white males ages 60+ are at highest risk for the development of ALS. ALS is characterized by muscle spasticity, which rapidly progresses to muscle wasting and difficulty breathing, speaking, and swallowing. Most individuals with ALS live for 3 to 4 years. About 5% live longer than 10 years and a very select few live still longer. The disease’s symptoms are due to a result of the loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Present research effort include stage II testing in Israel and soon, the United States at the Mayo Clinic. Physiological Pathology A2A Adenosine receptors A2A Adenosine receptors have been thought to be a potential therapeutic objective but until a recent study (14) the neuromodulatory role of the aforementioned receptors has remained in question. A selective A2A agonist was applied known only as CGS 21680 at present. (Poff et al., 2014) The A2A agonist significantly enhanced average amplitude of endplate potentials (EPP’s) and enhanced frequency of miniature endplate potentials (MEPP’s) and giant end plate potentials (GMEPP’s). The A2A adenosine receptor is now under scrutiny for its potential therapeutic role for presenting symptoms of ALS (Poff et al., 2014). Cortical atrophy Cortical atrophy in patients suffering from ALS was linked to neuropsychiatric and cognitive changes. Acidotoxicity has been implicated as a potential cause or contributor to this phenomenon (Behan et al., 2013). With regard to patients with ALS-plus; cortical atrophy presented significantly across motor and somatosensory areas. Additional cortical atrophy was found in frontal and parietal areas of the brain. In patients with ALS no significant cortical atrophy was shown, only brainstem atrophy. In patients with ALS-FTD; atrophy also affected greater frontal area atrophy and temporal area atrophy in comparison with ALS-plus. Atrophy of the cortexes is implicated as a contributor to the presenting deficits of ALS (Mioshi, 2013). Genetic links The vast majority of ALS cases are sporadic and unrelated to genetics. However; 5-10% of ALS cases are thought to be hereditary. Mutations in TAR DNA-binding protein, fused in sarcoma (FUS), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) comprise the causes for about 30% of classic inherited ALS. A gene known as UBQLN2 which is responsible for the encoding of the protein â€Å"ubiquilin?2† can cause dominantly inherited, ALS and ALS/dementia. So although the majority of ALS cases occur from causes unknown, a select few cases can be explained by genetic mutation. Suggested from this data is the potential for retracing the steps of the gene and specifying the mechanism of action most exploitable in treatment for the disease. While genetically link ALS is rare the basic mechanism of action is widespread, thus insights into causes for the physiological outcome are valuable in treatment of ALS as a whole (Deng, 2011). White matter aberrations White matter has been examined for its aberrations in shape in patients with ALS. What has been found is a link between symptoms indicative of the disease however, not the physiological changes typical in the disease itself (Rajagopalan et al., 2013). Scientists suspect that the unidentified physiological link between white matter changes and physiological changes caused by ALS may play a large role in the disorder. White matter changes specifically have been correlated with the ALS-FTD-Q, a screening tool for behavioral disturbances in ALS. So while the behaviors correlate, the physiological changes beyond white matter shape change have not yet been linked specifically, leaving room for additional research in this area (Rajagopalan et al., 2013). Cervical roots and peripheral nerves A sonogram study found that in patients with ALS, cervical roots and peripheral nerves exhibit reductions in size in comparison to their former size and those in patients without ALS. The study found that the aforementioned both reduced in size and became physically thinner although more significantly the latter (Nodera et al., 2014). Although this phenomenon was measurable in patients with and without ALS it was not related to gender, progression of the disease, and severity of disease symptoms. Despite these setbacks it is suggested that peripheral root atrophy may present a viable marker for detection of the presence of the disease and thus increase progress made on treatment due to decreased false positive diagnoses (Nodera et al., 2014). Treatment Metabolic therapy (Deanna Protocol) Aside from motor neuron degeneration ALS is associated with metabolic dysfunction. A mouse study found that mice given the Deanna Protocol (DP); a metabolic therapy reported to result in some symptom alleviation in patients with ALS. The study found that mice given the treatment had significant extensions in survival time in ALS mice 7.5% (p Human stem cells Human stem cells have long been considered for their curative abilities toward various diseases. ALS is one such disease. The degeneration of motor neurons can theoretically be counteracted using motor neurons created from stem cells. (Lee et al., 2014; Morgan Srivastava, 2014). Stem cells present what seems to be a highly promising treatment for ALS. In one study, patients were injected with stem cells and followed up upon 12 months later and not acceleration of the disease was detected (Kim, Lee, Kim, 2013). A large proportion of future research will center upon investigation of this. Guanabenz Guanabenz is now under scrutiny for its therapeutic benefits to those suffering from ALS. Guanabenz was found to have an impact on post-apoptic protein synthesis such that scientists conducting the experiment hypothesized that its introduction would have therapeutic effects on ALS patients. In a mouse model female mice were given Guanabenz and were found to have delayed symptom onset, prolonged life span and increased motor ability (Jiang et. Al 2014). Thalidomide Inflammation from the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha TNFÃŽ ± is believed to be a critical factor in the development and pathology of ALS. TNFÃŽ ± is reduced by thalidomide. Thus the rationale for research surrounding the efficacy of the use of thalidomide in ALS patients. The study found no results suggesting that this theorized mechanism may need revision (Stommel et al, 2009). Discussion ALS as aforementioned is a neurodegenerative disease which causes the motor neurons to atrophy and die. Victims of ALS typically suffer from motor impairments which eventually exacerbate to impairments in breathing, swallowing and speaking. Sufferers experience many psychological symptoms as secondary effects from the physiological damage which occurs. Physiologically, impairments typically relate to motor movement. In some cases movement changes but in most cases it becomes more difficult. Numerous treatments are emerging in the research phase due in part to massive donations to the research of a cure or treatment for this disorder. While ALS is unique to other neurodegenerative disorders scientists suspect that some aspects of the treatments used and developed will translate due to the similarities ALS shares. Evidence has suggested that certain cases of ALS are inherited while others are developed due to toxins which has helped scientists narrow down the possible mechanisms of action which facilitate this disease. While some are known, the cause of most cases is yet to be determined the outcomes have been more apparent. ALS outcomes include changes in shape of the white matter in the brain, cortical atrophy and thinning of cortical and peripheral nerves. The treatment has made relative progress. Perhaps most promising is the use of stem cells as replacements for motor neurons. Stem cell research has had difficulty using stem cells in large quantities as a corrective measure however motor neuron use requires the use of less cells than most treatments making it especially promising. Other theoretical treatments such as metabolic therapy and Guanabenz have shown some potential in improving the lives of ALS sufferers and perhaps prolonging them somewhat. Guanabenz, an intervention targeted sp ecifically at cell apoptosis has demonstrated an effect on symptoms, speed of progression, and lifespan. Metabolic therapy has demonstrated an effect on symptoms and lifespan. Together therapeutic treatments have a supplementary benefit until a more lasting solution is found. Future research Future research implications include additional research on stem cells. Stems cells are highly promising and may be an effective treatment and perhaps eventually have curative effects. Studies at present have found a link between symptom stabilization and treatment in human studies. As with all medical research clinical trials must be completed before anything is open to the public. Additional concerns for this treatment include the political implications of this treatment as some political groups disagree with stem cell research as a whole. Future research should also continue to focus upon the clinical implications of therapeutic treatments such as Guanabenz and Deanna Protocol metabolic therapy. Conclusion At present ALS presents future challenges to scientists, doctors, and the people who suffer from it. While promising research and clinical trial have received unprecedented support; the reality is that ALS continues to shorten and end lives. Researchers are far from finding the multiple causes of ALS however, researchers are rapidly gaining ground on how to treat the effects of the disorder. Aside from stem cells, therapeutic treatments have emerged such as Gaunabenz and metabolic therapies such as the Deanna protocol. References Ari, C., Poff, A. M., Held, H. E., Landon, C. S., Goldhagen, C. R., Mavromates, N., D’Agostino, D. P. (2014). Metabolic Therapy with Deanna Protocol Supplementation Delays Disease Progression and Extends Survival in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Mouse Model. Plos ONE, 9(7), 1-9. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.010352 Behan, à ., Breen, B., Hogg, M., Woods, I., Coughlan, K., Mitchem, M., Prehn, J. (2013). Acidotoxicity and acid-sensing ion channels contribute to motor neuron degeneration. Cell Death Differentiation, 20(4), 589-598. doi:10.1038/cdd.2012.158 Deng, H., Chen, W., Hong, S., Boycott, K. M., Gorrie, G. H., Siddique, N., Haines, J. L. (2011). Mutations in UBQLN2 cause dominant X-linked juvenile and adult-onset ALS and ALS/dementia. Nature, 477(7363), 211-215. doi:10.1038/nature10353 Lee, H. J., Kim, K. S., Ahn, J., Bae, H. M., Lim, I., Kim, S. U. (2014). Human motor neurons generated from neural stem cells delay clinical onset and prolong life in ALS mouse model. 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